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Submitted by Rihsi.Alimov on Sun, 2007-02-25 23:15.
Uzbekistan - a country with many relicsCities such as Tashkent(Uzbek: Toshkent), Termez(Uzbek: Termiz), Samarkand (Uzbek: Samarqand), Bukhara (Uzbek: Buxoro), Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva), Shahrisabz (or Shahr-e Sabz from the Persian for "green city") have been known to the world from ancient times. Their ties stretched from China to Spain and from Europe to the Indian Ocean. These cities have been famous for not only their big architectural monuments, but also for greatest ancient thinkers and writers of the world. Nowadays the monuments of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and Shakhrisabz are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
.preview.jpg "Ancient Samarkand")
Ancient SamarkandSamarkand is one of the most ancient cities of the world, which was established about 2750 years ago. Per archaeological findings and researches the city was mentioned in ancient sources as Marokand. Samarkand was not only the capital of a formerly-powerful Soghdiana kingdom, but also the main city of the vast empire of Amir Timur, who took care of fortification and decoration of the city. During the period, which Timurids ruled within (from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the sixteenth one), Samarkand reached the peak of its development.
The following are the sights of the city, which are worldwide-known architectural monuments:
- the Registon Square, consisting of three madrassahs (Ulughbek, Sherdor, and Tilya Kori);
- the Shakhi Zinda necropolis of eleven mausoleums decorated with unique glaze;
- the Bibi-Khanum Mosque.
One of the best examples of Medieval East architectural monuments is the Gur Emir mausoleum, which Timur, his sons and grandsons were buried in.
In the north–east of the city there are remains of the famous observatory, which was established at 1428 year by Ulughbek, a ruler of Samarkand, the greatest scientist, philosopher and statesman.
Bukhara(courtesy of International Living)Bukhara with its historical and cultural monuments is every inch an evidence of the great talent of Uzbek people, their creative power and achievements in science, education, spirituality, culture, philosophy, and religion.
Bukhara has been gaining international fame for thousands years as a result of its great contribution to the world civilization, development of spiritual, cultural and religious values (the city became one of the Muslim holy places in the region).
Tremendous architectural monuments such as minarets, mosques, madrassahs, rows of stalls (bazaars), hospitals, ”khavoozes” (water reservoirs), and squares show the great history of Bukhara which was founded twenty five centuries ago.
Nowaday BukharaEvery tourist, who visits the city, admires architectural masterpieces such as Ark (the citadel with khan’s palace and administrative buildings), the Samanids’ mausoleum (built in tenth century), the minaret (built in twelth century), the Poi Kalon mosque as well as various madrassahs, mosques, and rows of stalls built in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
During the years of independence all ancient monuments, unique examples of architectural art of the East, have been restored and assumed their original appearance.
Uzbekistan - a country with many relics(continued)Khiva (alternative or historical names include Khwarezm(Uzbek: Xorazm), Khwarazm, Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarizm, Chiwa, and Chorezm) is the pearl of Uzbekistan, the living art of the creative activity of Uzbek people. It is a miracle, that pictures our cultural and spiritual traditions.
Khiva, founded 2500 years ago, is the property of not only our country, but also it was and will remain the pearl of universal civilization. The architectural complexes, such as Ichan Qala and Dishan Qala, particularly the madrassahs, Sherghazikhan, Mukhammad Rakhiman and Isfandiyarkhan are priceless monuments to the intellect, talent and greet skills of our ancestors.
The foundation for the Uzbek state system was laid in the Khwarezm oasis 2,700 years ago. In this respect the history of our national state system stands in one line with the history of such ancient countries as Egypt, China, India, Greece and Iran. The history of Khwarezm personifies the Uzbek state system, its power and antiquity.
The fact of the creation of a holy 'Avesto' the Zoroastrian book bears witness to it, and the 2700th anniversary of the book will be celebrated this year.
All stages of development of the Uzbek people in the sphere of written language, science education, art, culture and spiritual life were reflected through the historyof Khwarezm and Khiva. One thousand years ago the academy of Ma'moon was created, the first academy in Central Asia. After Uzbekistan gained its independence, the Academy was revived.
Termez is one of the ancient cities of both Uzbekistan and the whole Central Asian region. In Autumn 2001, the world community will celebrate the 2500th anniversary of this center of ancient urban civilization.
Uzbek scientists explorations showed that exactly in Termez (its west part) the Alexander the Great and his troops crossed the Oks (a.k.a. Amudarya) river in the 4th century BC. There was also constructed the famous fortress – Alexandria Oksian Pandaheon (the site of the ancient Kampirtepa town).
Now it abounds in beautiful medieval overland ancient archaeological (in the old part of Termez) and architectural monuments, the richest museum expositions, where the unique masterpieces of the cultural treasure of the world (Buddhist, Christian and Muslim) civilization which attract a lot of foreign tourists.
One can observe in detail the ruins of old walls of city blocks and fortifications made of clay, the silhouettes of the ancient city citadels where the ruler palace, the administrative and cultural buildings, the city palace of the Termezi rulers (X-XI centuries), the mosques, as well as the domes of mausoleum to Hakim at-Termezi (X-XV centuries). Remains of landing-stages for ships were found in the foothills of the citadel.
In Termez suburbs there are world–wide Buddhist monuments (I-IV centuries) as, the tower – the Zurmala mortar, Fayaztepa and Qoratepa cloisters; the Qirq Qiz castle (IX-X centuries) and Sultan Saodat the museum complex (X-XVII centuries).
Shahrisabz is the ancient city that greatly prospered at the end of XIV-XV centuries thanks to the patronage of the Amir Temur the Great, who was born and began his ascent of historical arena and his political career at the Shahrisabz suburbs. The city was under the patronage of Ulughbek, his grandson.).
Many great constructions, such as the Oq Saroy Palace, the Dor ut-Tilovat and Dor us-Siadat architectural ensembles Kok Gumbaz mosques, madrassahs, caravanserais and mausoleums (Toraghay, Jahonghir, Omar Sheikh and Shamsiddin Kulol) were undertaken during that time.
Uzbekistan
